Skincare Ingredients Guide
Hyaluronic Acid
Hyaluronic acid is a humectant that draws moisture into the skin from the surrounding environment. It is commonly found in serums and moisturisers and can hold up to 1,000 times its weight in water. It suits most skin types, including oily and sensitive skin, and works well layered under other products.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)
Niacinamide is a water-soluble vitamin that helps with oil control, the appearance of enlarged pores, and uneven skin tone. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types and pairs well with other active ingredients like hyaluronic acid and retinol. Concentrations of 2–5% are common in well-formulated products.
Retinol (Vitamin A)
Retinol promotes cell turnover and can help with fine lines, skin texture, and uneven tone. It is one of the most well-studied skincare ingredients. Start with a lower concentration (0.25–0.5%) and use it a few times per week to build tolerance. Always use sunscreen during the day when using retinol.
Important
Ceramides
Ceramides are lipids naturally present in the skin that help maintain the skin barrier. They are particularly important for people with dry or compromised skin. Products containing ceramides can help restore and strengthen the barrier, reducing moisture loss and sensitivity.
Your Skin Barrier
Why barrier health matters for every skin concern
Healthy Barrier
- Retains hydration
- Protects from irritants
- Smooth, comfortable skin
Compromised Barrier
- Increased water loss
- Sensitivity and irritation
- ! Dryness and redness
Key ingredients for barrier repair: Ceramides, fatty acids, cholesterol, hyaluronic acid, niacinamide.
Salicylic Acid (BHA)
Salicylic acid is an oil-soluble beta-hydroxy acid (BHA) that can penetrate into pores to help dissolve excess sebum and dead skin cells. It is commonly used for clogged pores and breakouts. Concentrations between 0.5–2% are typical in over-the-counter products.
SPF Filters
UV protection is widely considered essential by dermatologists for preventing premature ageing and reducing the risk of sun damage. Sunscreen filters come in two main types: chemical (organic) filters that absorb UV rays, and mineral (inorganic) filters like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide that reflect and scatter UV radiation. Look for broad-spectrum protection covering both UVA and UVB.
Understanding UV Protection
What the numbers and labels actually mean
UVB Rays
Cause sunburn. SPF number measures UVB protection. SPF 30 blocks ~97% of UVB.
UVA Rays
Penetrate deeper. Cause premature ageing. Present year-round, even on cloudy days.
Broad Spectrum
Protects against both UVA + UVB. Look for this label on every sunscreen you buy.
PA Rating
Asian UVA grading system. PA++++ = highest UVA protection. Look for PA+++ or PA++++.
Apply 2 finger-lengths for the face. Reapply every 2 hours during sun exposure.
Related Products
CeraVe
CeraVe Hydrating Facial Cleanser
Best for: Dry, sensitive and barrier-compromised skin
~$15–$22
CeraVe
CeraVe Resurfacing Retinol Serum
Best for: Retinol beginners – post-acne marks and texture
Price varies
La Roche-Posay
La Roche-Posay Anthelios UVMune 400
Best for: High UVA protection – daily wear
Price varies